For billions of years the universe lay enveloped in darkness till God the Eternal Spirit brought time and infinity to a standstill. The dark void then ceased to exist and the resplendence of divine glow submerged the dark universe. God then infused His own image and spirit in to the physique of Man and Woman. The Spirit of God thus descended in to a finite realm of matter and decay by kindling the one only flame of hope in to human beings and Earth became the cradle of life and death. That opened up the dawn of a new era heralding a spirit of intimacy between Supreme Spirit and the one only intelligent human being created to rule over the universe and creation.
Life, a conglomeration of matter, intelligence and
spirit embodyimage, energy, instinct and reason renders activity, liveliness
and endurance on a hitherto shadow-less world enveloped in still darkness. The
term life covers a wide spectrum of elements comprising of animate or inanimate
objects, abstract or concrete, intelligent or dull, all of which constitute
life and life sustaining components. Literally speaking, life is all energy
with a spirited driving force within, allowing the body to tick on for a fixed
span of time.
This endless universe with infinite number of
celestial bodies locked in a race towards infinity has been abode of billions
of human beings surviving in succession for last millions of years, on the one
only known blue planet, namely the Earth. Survival and longevity of life within
a human body depends largely on the quantum of nourishment received or the life
span determined by Creator Himself. But once this life providing spell abates,
life within terminates abruptly evoking an end to organic functioning called
metabolism, thereby staving off any and all scope of revival of life
thereafter. In such a state the body becomes numb much like a burnt out
substance devoid of any originality, shine or endurance. Literally speaking,
such a disposition is known as death or end to life.
According to Scientists life has existed on earth
since last many million years although human life in the present form appeared
on earth approximately four million years ago. With the ultimate end in
the form of death hovering above man’s destiny, he is left to piece out his own
survival on earth with the basics that the earth and its surroundings offer for
his sustenance. In a nutshell, life for man constitutes a precarious journey in
the company of hostile elements within or without, visible or invisible and
productive or unproductive elements.
Man played a crucial and pivotal role in
establishing his identity as the one and only intelligent being ever to have
been created. In the same manner, man identified himself with whatever was
available for his progress and development. By collective use of intelligence
and faculties endowed on him by God Himself, man made giant strides towards
establishing a progressive leap at achieving his destiny. By dint of hard work
coupled with dedication and perseverance, man has successfully narrowed down
the inherent problems besetting his own existence. However, to all intents and
purposes, man must bow before the imminent end namely ‘death’ ordained by God
Himself.
As already stated, human beings have taken life and
death in their stride, and generation after generation chalked out a distinct
and progressive path through mutual trust and cooperation, thus giving a
humanly perfect direction to the universe. Right from the moment the human
beings first trod on the face of the Earth, despite changing circumstances,
temperaments and disasters overtaking man to the extent of human and natural
disasters extinguishing the flame of life time and again, yet man has kept his
mark as a being capable of carrying the numbers to the desired destiny. Births
and Deaths have intermittently registered their toll on human beings but they
have not deterred man from giving life the desired thrust. He never stopped to
fathom what lies in the aftermath. Mysteries too abound on the question of life
after death. Believers are at a loss to explain the aftermath of life,
fate after death and destiny of the spirit or soul of man after it gets
terminated from the body. Generation after generation, man has vainly attempted
to figure out the ambiguities surrounding God and eternity. Does death
forebode the end for man? What awaits the soul after man’s death? Is death a
symbolic break for man from his creator? These have all remained mysteries
unsolved by man to this day.
The last question is being repeated here for emphasis: Is death a symbolic break for man from his creator? Partly yes but definitely not! Here is a universal question that must be provided with a human answer to set at naught all absurd notions regarding the fate of soul after it leaves the dead body of every human being?
God the Omnipotent, Omniscient and Superhuman Being holds man with love and predilection. This very love of God for man rendered the devil helpless in the sight of God and catapulted man to the glory of a celestial honour akin to none, that too in the company of the Almighty and His Angels & saints. This was an honour never bestowed on anyone, not even to the angels who are spirits themselves but without the sublime experience of being human beings capable of conceiving and rearing life. His act of creating man in his own image and likeness and thereafter breathing in to him His Own Spirit or Soul that guided the body and brain of man to survive the odds of a perilous life till death and to be one day reunited with the creator after the end of time and universe. In such circumstances, man may be at liberty to live the way he chooses only as long as his outer senses function but after death the soul would have to reunite with God while man’s body decays and become dust. Arguably, the soul after man’s death cannot in any manner be isolated from Divine Providence; rather it is definitely destined to be reunited with God the Eternal Being. For Jesus Christ said, “You are dust and in to dust you shall return”, incidentally it was an indirect reference to man and his destiny.
Although belief in God received widespread
acceptance among all segments of society right from the beginning of time,
however, the basic concept regarding soul gained ground gradually with the
advancement of time. However, the particular perception regarding soul has been
inordinately distorted by diverse faiths in manner expedient to each section of
society and their respective beliefs. Even so, save for the atheists who fail
to accept the existence of God Almighty Himself, the world is unanimous in
their belief that the soul departs from the lifeless body of man immediately
upon death.
Diverse views have been advanced by people of
different faiths to explain the fate of soul after it departs from the body at
death. Of these two versions have received wide acceptance each of which tend
to out rightly reject the other. One of these being that the soul after a
person’s death departs the body and wanders around till it enters another body
in a sequence of process till the soul is cleansed and become fit to enter
‘nirvana’ or heaven. The other view, which is accepted by a larger section of
the world constituting mainly Christians, who believe that the soul immediately
on death leaves the body and returns to be reunited with God or await the
second coming of God for the final judgment of humanity on the last day till
which time these souls await the Judgement Day by being cleansed in an
altogether different zone known as “Limbo” or “Purgatory”.
Incidentally, man is left with his own wild guesses
without a solid answer to the mysteries regarding God, universe and life.
Christian belief relies mostly on the written down testaments and inspirations
through the power and intercession of the Holy Spirit, which to a large extent
clarifies issues shrouded in mysteries. Most other religions mould their own
beliefs and imaginations as suiting their own conviction and convenience.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
ISLAM
Islam which stands numerically second only
to Christianity propagates a unique and reasonably logical doctrine on the
question of life, death and rebirth. Islam was founded on the moral precepts
provided in the Qur’an and accepted by the Muslim world as the inspired
revelation, which was handed down to man by Allah Himself. Incidentally,
Islam professes a faith instituted by the Divine Allah Himself, who in line
with His act of creation, also deputed a lineage of prophets right from Abraham
onwards down to the last prophet namely Muhammad (Abu al-Qasim Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah
Ibn Abd al-Muttalib Ibn Hashim). These prophets have been enlightened by
Allah Himself to proclaim His name and preach the doctrine set up by Allah
throughout the world.
The Holy Book or the inspired revelation of Allah,
namely Qur’an is divided in to 114 suras or chapters containing in all 6,236
ayat or verses, which more or less confine to moral guidance than legal
assertions. Allah, the creator of the universe sent a number prophets in to the
world out of the descendants of Abraham and Imran to convey the will of God to
people and non-believers.
Allah, ta^ala, said
in the Qur’an: إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ – Allah creates
everything according to his Will. Ayah 49 of suratul-Qamar.
The Prophet, sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam, said:
اْلإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ
وَالْيَوْمِ الاخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ – “Belief
is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers or Prophets, the
Day of Judgment and to believe in the Qadar (Destiny), both the good and the
evil”.
The followers of Islam are to observe the following
5 pillars laid down by the prophets to be inducted as a Muslim namely, (1)
Belief in allah, the one and only true God, (2), To pray (salah) 5 times a day
facing the Kaaba in Mecca, (3), Pay Zakat (charity) 2.5 % of earning, (4)
Fasting (fasting sunrise to sunset) on the 9th month of the Islamic year and (5) Haj
pilgrimage toMecca at least once in a life time.
On the issue of life after death, Islam disbelieves
in the argument involving any cyclic effect on the soul alleged to be migrating
from one body to the other till it is purified fit to join God. On the contrary
Islamic doctrine (as also all divinely inspired religions) propagates the
belief that “after a person dies, his soul remains in a suspended state (i.e. “Barzakh” or partition)
till the day he is brought alive by Allah on the “Day of Resurrection” or Yawm al-Qiyāmah (Arabic: يوم
القيامة)”. Islam is emphatic about the Day of Resurrection which would bring
about the destruction of the world where after the entire humanity would be
brought back to life by Allah and made to stand in the presence of Allah, the
only God worthy of worship and the Greatest of Judges. Islam thus lays special
emphasis on the “Day of Resurrection” when man would be brought back to his
original image and rewarded or punished by Allah in accordance with his life
i.e. “those who believe (in the Qur’an) and those who follow the Jewish
(scriptures), and the Christians…. And (all) who believe in God and the last
day through righteousness, shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear,
nor shall they grieve.” [The Qur’an 2:62]
The Prophets (SAW) have thus admonished their
followers that a person’s death will mean the beginning of his resurrection.
Allah, the Greatest of Judges has not divulged to
man the day, time and circumstances when the preordained Yawm al-Qiyāmah (Arabic: يوم
القيامة) is to come about. However, the prophets have emphatically preached
about life after death i.e. about the “Day of Resurrection” when the whole
world will be destroyed and the dead would be resurrected to stand infront of
Allah to be judged, rewarded or punished.
Islamic doctrine is therefore, forthright in its
admonishment that the concept of transmigration of soul is totally humbug, on
the other hand what needs to be adhered to or looked forward to is the issue of
“Day of Resurrection” or the “Day of Judgement”. In other words, Allah would
physically resurrect the dead to a state of bodily physique as man was,
restoring the rights and faculties he was created with.
It may also be added that time exists for earthly
beings only but once man dies, he leaves the time zone whereby a thousand years
would tantamount to mere blinking of an eye, just as it occurs to people who
awaken from long comas who would have no inkling about the interim time lag.
Allah, ta^ala, said in the Qur’an: وَمَن لَّمْ
يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ
سَعِيرًا viz. “Those who do not believe in
Allah and his messenger are blasphemers, for whom allah has prepared hellfire”.
HINDUISM
World’s oldest religion, Hinduism evolved to become the third largest,
with a billion followers concentrated mostly in the Indian sub-continent and
thereabouts. This so called religion evolved through common belief in
supernatural and related practice of rituals to appease the absolute being or
divine power referred to as “Brahma”, which faith came in to being through diverse beliefs and traditions, the prominent among
them being Dharma (ethics and duties), Samsara (rebirth), Karma (right action)
and Moksha (liberation from the cycle of Samsara). Essentially, Hinduism is a
conglomeration of religious, philosophical and cultural views set in to motion
through belief and practice all of which percolated in to the day to day lives
of people and devotees to finally form a belief in order to live a life of
righteousness. Hinduism professes a belief in reincarnation and transmigration
of soul in a cyclic process of births and deaths, required for its purification
and final destruction before attaining the ultimate that is ‘nirvana’.
Hinduism propagates a different school of
thought and in essence has varying features which form a collection of
spiritual laws or “shastras” which have been imposed on the general public to
ensure a righteous living.
According to Hindu
doctrine rebirth is an unending cycle of extended creation, whereby a soul
leaves the body of a person immediately at death and migrates to another body
and this sequence goes on till the soul is purified, fit to rejoin God through
a process of destruction. Incidentally, Hindu belief accepts human body to be a
mere costume which adorns the soul and the soul makes its transition from one
stage to the other within the garb of soul.
As a practice, unlike Christianity, Islam and a
number of other religions, a Hindu upon his death is cremated on account of the
fact that the body which consists of five elements four of them namely fire,
earth, water and air belong to this world whereas the other (fine matter)
belongs to the subtle body and comes from higher worlds. By cremating the body,
the elements are rightfully returned to the respective spheres.
The very term rebirth as coined by Hindu religion
whereby human beings sought to explain off the mysteries regarding universe,
evolution and man’s destiny vis-à-vis the Brahma.
During the enactment of actual living process, the
soul hides behind a false personality by name ‘jiva’ which is a subtle body or an
outer personality called mind and body or the ego which constitute the gross
physical body. The ‘jiva’ undergoes several births and deaths. According
to Hindu doctrine, life in heaven will only be a mortal life. Once the karma
gets exhausted the ‘jiva’ is returned to turmoil of an unstable earthly life.
The process is unending. Hindu doctrine also teaches that life on earth emerged
gradually during which process the static and inert consciousness of matter
yielded place to dynamic movement of life and consciousness. The animal
tendencies within ‘jiva’ were shed gradually so that the outer elements of
human body acquired chaste human reasoning or thoughts out of which process
emerged a spiritual man of divine consciousness with supra mental faculties,
the like of Sri Aurobindo.
The doctrine propagated by Hinduism suggests that every human being has to
live many lives, undergo vast experiences before attaining perfection to become
one with the Divine Spirit. Creation according to Hindu school of thought
becomes effective the moment the matter and soul, through extensive process of
evolution and transformation in to a conscientious being, assumes the role of a
differentiated or live human being. This cycle of creation
stretches over millions of years. And the endless process goes on under the
nomenclature ‘Rebirth’.
The concept of ‘rebirth’ is gradually gaining wide
spread curiosity among religious and scientists inIndiaand the world
over. Speculations are also rife for ascertaining the veracity of such
claims and evidences tossed in to the minds of learned men, believers and
scholars regarding alleged incidents of people having been born under the
impact of migrated souls out of people said to have been dead or believed to
have disappeared from life.
Much has remained
under debate though a positive breakthrough is yet to come by to convince the
world of the ultimate reality. However, the massive evidence gathered
from learned men who by and large have had similar experiences are in the
process of retrieving facts and memory related to their past lives through
spiritual awakening. Some enlightened men of wisdom have even come to
accept reincarnation as a factual reality.
BUDDHISM
Buddhism with
over 376 million following is listed fourth amongst world religions. Founded by
Siddhartha Gautama (563-460 B.C.), the Buddhist belief is based on three truths
namely, first that nothing is lost in this world, rather a cyclic rotation
effect exists in everything, second that everything keeps changing and thirdly
the ‘karma’ effect viz. the law of cause and effect applies to human beings of
all categories.
The four noble truths of Buddhism are: (1) Life is
suffering – (2) Suffering is due to attachment – (3) Attachment can be overcome
–and- (4) There is a path to accomplishing this.
Buddhism in the Dhammapada teaches us (i) to do no
evil (ii) to cultivate good and (iii) to purify one’s mind. However, the
essence of Buddhist doctrine is denial of worldly happiness for achieving the end of cycle whereby the person succeeds
in reaching nirvana.
On the issue of rebirth, the view commonly held by
the Buddhists is
thatdeath is not the end of life; rather the spirit would exist on in a
suspended state to be reunited later with another body at a place and
disposition that would match the positive or negative action or better put as
cause and effect of one’s actual life. The rebirth would occur in any one of
the six realms namely heaven (with 37 different levels of happiness), human
being (life in different dispositions), asura (a spiritual state below that of
heavenly bliss), hungry ghost (a state of penance due to excess indulgences),
animal (a state visible to humans for excess ill treatment to animals) or hell
(a state for existence on account of excess negative karma).
Buddhism on death and rebirth preaches that all have to pass through
death either at birth, old age or death. Death is not the end of life, it is
only an end of the body we possess in this life but the spirit or soul will
seek a new body depending on the past and accumulation of the positive or
negative karma. A rebirth takes place in any one of 6 realms viz. heaven, human
beings, asura, hungry ghost, animal and hell in accordance with the severity of
one’s karmic actions. However, these realms are never permanent till ‘Nirvana’
is attained. Hence the supreme aim of Buddhism is to obtain nirvana or
enlightenment whereby the soul or spirit is liberated from the cycle of rebirth
through countless lives through the six states of existence.
Whatever the human reasoning or explanations
provided on the issue of rebirth, we need to accept that the Almighty alone
commands the universe and His creation. As such, even by reason and logic we
must assert that God alone has the power to terminate life or call back the
soul. And, by no stretch of imagination can it ever be assumed that the soul
would be allowed by the Almighty to stray away from the path laid out by the
Creator Himself. That is to say, just as there is but one death destined by God
for man, so too there can only be one only path for the soul whereby after his
journey through life, man must return to the wholesome creator – God. Reasoning
on the lines of this simple logic, we may leave all our inferences and
hallucinations to the supreme faith that the soul, immediately after the death
must report back to God or rest in Limbo awaiting God’s final call to a reward
or punishment as the case may be.
Christianity alone which holds the key to eternal
happiness, with firm and rational belief embellished by inspired scriptures of
holy and chosen people of God, adheres to a belief that God Almighty has
destined man for a single life on Earth on the basis of which he would be
judged in the second coming of Jesus Christ or to put it literally, the
Judgment Day. Likewise, after death the soul immediately departs the body
to be reunited with the omnipotence of the Almighty and Everlasting God.
Church and
Christianity
Hard-work, devotion, dedication, patience, spirit of
denial, sacrifice and to top them all, perseverance, virtues in abundance, you
name them. He has them all – the Devil!
If there is any single trait that we ought to learn from the devil, it is
perseverance, an attribute the devil is so possessive about and would not be
prepared to even grudgingly part with for a no return. And what could at all be
a return but the loss of a soul. The world, the religious institutions, men of
spirituality, all earnestly look forward to living a truthful, honest and
dedicated life acceptable to God. Unfortunately the devil puts the unwanted
spoke in the wheel of man’s thinking process, living style and his day to day
activities, and resultantly man glides down in to sin marring a life of
precarious make. To guide these finite human beings from going astray has been
established a cluster of religions, with dogmas and supporting scriptures.
Catholic Church is one such religion which has surpassed all other religions
throughout the world, not merely on being the real God-ordained faith, but
which has, in fact, a human touch adhering to spiritual needs of people from all
walks of life.
CATHOLIC CHURCH
Roman Catholic Church is the only one of its kind
and a religious institution of immense magnitude, which has after centuries of
sacred and dedicated efforts established and streamlined a dogma and procedure
for the welfare of its faithful and devoted souls. The Church has minutely and
very scrupulously monitored all aspects of spiritual and congregational
requirements of the Catholics and Christians across the world for setting in to
motion a spiritual institution under the able guidance of Holy Father the Pope,
assisted by Cardinals, Bishops, Priests and laity in a move intended to thwart
any untoward occurence that might upset the belief and conviction of the
faithful due to incessant efforts by the evil Satan. Catholic Church therefore,
streamlined its dogma and procedures after putting together views and
suggestions of diverse people including the Holy See, Cardinals, Bishops and
Priests including laity. Incidentally, Christians constitute the largest
religious group from all over the world.
Due to different ideologies nursed by various
sections of people, Christianity got divided in to splinter groups with
different beliefs and varying identities. However, the core concept regarding
fate of soul after death has remained uniquely same. All Catholics or
Christians in general believe that immediately on death, the soul departs from
the body and returns to God. Here an emphasis needs to be laid on the attempt
by Christianity in to bringing the concept of ‘soul’ in to focus, which got
translated in to a general belief and adopted by other religions as well for
belief purposes.
Holy Bible held in reverence by the Catholic world
describes death and its aftermath in the following verses viz. Hebrews 9:27 –
“it is appointed unto man once to die and after this the judgment”.
Catholic Church confers seven holy sacraments to its
faithful namely Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, Reconciliation, Annointing of
sick, Holy order and Matrimony. By these sacraments, the Church ensures
that the faithful stay in the grace of God and practice their faith in their
day to day lives. Observance of these sacraments enables Catholics to be well
prepared always so that death does not find them in an unprepared state.
Naturally, the Church is aware of the lives the faithful have to spend amongst
sinful and wayward elements which takes a lot of spirituality within in order
to stay prepared always in the grace of God so that at death the soul be
adequately prepared to face the Almighty with confidence and conviction.
It is the belief of Catholic Church and the faithful
that immediately on death the soul is judged by the Almighty, whereby the good
souls go to heaven in the company of Almighty and His angels and saints,
whereas the bad are cast in to hell. However, those souls that may be found
wanting in the sight of God, would be made to undergo a process of purification
in a separate place called purgatory, after which they too enter in to heaven.
As human beings we may only connote religious beliefs to the extent we
understand life and as taught to us by religious heads. However, the concept of
heaven or hell and for that matter purgatory as well, cannot be ignored as
hearsay because we all run the race and there is definitely a winner and the
winner (or winners) takes heaven as the prize. For John Oxenham briefly puts it
as “To every man there openeth, a high way and a low. The high soul
climbs the high way while the low soul gropes the low. And the rest on the
misty flats go to and fro. But to every man there openeth a high way and a low
and every soul decideth the way his soul shall go”.
A critical analysis of
the concept called Rebirth
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